Chiropractors base their theories of disease on the connections between various body structures and the nervous system via the spinal column and on the role of the spine in biomechanics and movement.

Chiropractic is one of the few modalities in veterinary medicine where results are often immediate and seen within minutes of treatment. In general, improvements are defined as an improved gait and an apparent reduction in pain. In orthopedic conditions, such as fractures or ligament tears, chiropractic care may not replace the need for surgery but will be useful in correcting secondary problems caused by compensation or overcompensation to the injury.